Judiciary (SC and HCs): India has an integrated judicial system with SC at the top and HCs below it under which there are subordinate courts. Supreme Court is the federal…

Judicial Review Power of Supreme Court to examine the constitutionality of a legislative and executive order.  Though the phrase nowhere finds mention in the constitution, many articles explicitly mandate the…

Right to Constitutional Remedies (Art 32): Heart and Soul of Constitution An effective mechanism for enforcement of Fundamental Rights  It gives the right to move to Supreme Court (or High…

Constitution Part IVA (Art 51A) enumerates 11 fundamental duties (last added in 2002), inspired from Russia They are reminders to the citizens about moral and civic duties they owe towards…

Part IV (Art 35- 51A) details them, idea borrowed from Irish Constitution With Fundamental Rights, DPSPs are known as the ‘Conscience of the Constitution’. It contains a set of positive…

The American Constitution was the first to begin with a Preamble.  It is based on the Objective Resolution drafted by Pt Nehru.  Experts call it as the ‘soul of Constitution’,…

Covered in Article 12-35, called as the ‘Magna Carta of India’ They are fundamental in the sense that they are most essential for the all round development of the individuals….

Structure of Constitution 1. Lengthiest written constitution With principle of governance, detailed administrative provisions 2. Adapted from nations experiences Borrowed with modifications suited to Indian context, avoiding their faults 3….

Indian Constitution (Art 268- Art 293) has made elaborate provisions for sharing financial resources. Constitution divides the taxing power between Center and the States through Union, States and Concurrent Lists….