Both the statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Fiscal Health Index 2025 State Rankings
The NITI Aayog’s ‘Fiscal Health Index 2025’ evaluates the financial condition of Indian states. Based on the index findings, the correct order for the top positions among the mentioned states is: 1. Chhattisgarh 2.Goa 3. Odisha

The town of Ayojjha, known today as Ayodhya, was situated on the banks of the Sarayu river during the 7th century B.C.

The revised investment limit for small enterprises is set at 50 Crore.

Silicon is a metalloid, widely used in semiconductors.

The Indian Rupee has experienced significant devaluations in its history.
• 1949: The first devaluation due to a shortage of foreign exchange and a lack of funds within the government.
• 1966: This was driven by multiple factors: severe droughts causing food shortages, high defense expenditures due to the 1962 Sino-Indian War and the 1965 Indo-Pak War, rising inflation, and a significant trade deficit.
• 1991: This devaluation was part of broader economic liberalization reforms aimed at stabilizing the economy, addressing foreign exchange shortages, and encouraging exports.

Non-perception (Anupalabdhi) is accepted by Kumarilabhatta but rejected by Prabhakara.

Vaipulya Sutras: These texts, belonging to the Mahayana Buddhist tradition, are often written in Sanskrit. Others are written in Pali language.

Gross fiscal deficit = Total expenditure – (Revenue receipts + Non-debt creating capital receipts)
Revenue deficit = Revenue expenditure – Revenue receipts
Gross primary deficit = Gross fiscal deficit – net interest liabilities

Darjeeling Tea, known for its unique flavour and aroma, was granted the GI tag in 2004-05, marking a significant milestone for Indian agricultural products and intellectual property rights.

Khajuraho was the main centre of art during the Chandel period.

Comfort is related to how this force is distributed. With wide and broad strap the area increases and hence the pressure decreases (Pressure =Force/Area)

The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, dated to the 1st century, and Bharat Muni’s Natyashastra, a 5th-century treatise on performing arts — have been inscribed in UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register. The Unesco’s Memory of the World (MoW) Register lists documentary heritage. The register consists of documentary collections including books, manuscripts, maps, photographs, sound or video recordings, which bear witness to the shared heritage of humanity.

The FRBM Act, 2003 was reviewed by the NK Singh Committee, which was formed in 2016 under the chairmanship of N.K. Singh, former revenue and expenditure secretary. The committee’s mandate was to review the FRBM Act and suggest changes required in times of uncertainty and volatility in the global economy.

World Environment Day 2025 was celebrated on 5 June 2025 with the theme “Beat Plastic Pollution”. The global host country was the Republic of Korea, and the campaign focused on tackling the urgent issue of plastic waste across ecosystems, oceans, and human health.

According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2020–21, the largest stream of internal migration in India was rural-to-rural (dominated by marriage-related migration, especially among women), followed by rural-to-urban, then urban-to-urban, and finally urban-to-rural. So, the descending order is: (i) → (ii) → (iii) → (iv).

The study of energy transfer at trophic levels is called Bioenergetics.

The term “Pleistocene” was first introduced by the Scottish geologist Sir Charles Lyell in 1839. He coined it to describe the most recent epoch of the Tertiary Period, characterized by the presence of species largely similar to those existing today.

The planned vs non-planned classification was discontinued from 2017-18.

It consists of the Prime Minister, the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha (or leader of the largest opposition party if no LoP is recognized), and a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister.

Nāstika (Heterodox systems): These reject the authority of the Vedas. Major traditions are Buddhism, Jainism, and Cārvāka (materialist school), etc.

The scholar from Kanishka’s court who has been called the “Indian Einstein” is Nagarjuna, the great Buddhist philosopher and scientist. His ability to merge philosophy with scientific inquiry earned him the title “Indian Einstein” in modern interpretations.

The ruler of the Vijayanagar Empire who built a dam and canals on the Tungabhadra River is Deva Raya I.

The book Tilakmanjari was authored by Dhanapala Mahakavi (often referred to simply as Dhanpal), a Jain poet of the 10th–11th century CE. It is a Sanskrit prose romance (gadya-kāvya) and one of the earliest examples of Jain narrative literature in this style.

Situated on river Narmada in Gujarat and Irrigates 1.8 million hectares across Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan.

Sorter’s disease is caused by Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium responsible for anthrax. Specifically, it refers to inhalation anthrax, which affects workers in the wool and textile industries when they inhale spores from contaminated animal fibers.

Most scholars and practitioners would point to the Tipiṭaka— Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka the foundational scripture of Theravāda Buddhism. It’s the most extensive and authoritative body of Pali literature.

India’s Minimum Support Price (MSP) system currently covers 5 pulses, 7 cereals, and 7 oilseeds, along with other crops, making a total of 23 major crops.

To control emission particulates an electric charge to particles in the gas stream, causing them to stick to oppositely charged plates. Very effective for fly ash in thermal power plants.

The Jatinga River is a north-bank tributary of the Barak River in Assam, India. The Barak River, which originates in the hills of Manipur and flows through Assam, eventually enters Bangladesh where it splits into two distributaries — the Surma and the Kushiyara. These two rivers later reunite and merge into the Meghna River system.

In the Rigvedic era, the gods were broadly divided into three categories based on the realms they presided over:

• Terrestrial (Earth/Prithvi)– gods connected with the earth and its fertility. Examples: Prithvi (Earth goddess), Soma (plant deity), and river goddesses.
• Atmospheric (Antariksha)

– gods associated with the mid-region, storms, and rain. Examples: Indra (god of rain and thunder), Rudra (storm god), Maruts (storm deities).

• Celestial (Dyuloka/Sky)

– gods linked with the heavens, sun, moon, and stars. Examples: Surya (Sun), Varuna (cosmic order and waters), Mitra (friendship), Ushas (dawn).

The indicators included by NITI Aayog in its National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) that are not included by UNDP in its Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) are: Maternal Health and Bank Accounts.
These indicators are part of the National MPI, which includes additional indicators aligned with national priorities, while the Global MPI covers a broader set of indicators.

• Divya Deshmukh – Indian chess prodigy, Woman Grandmaster, and one of the country’s brightest young talents in international chess.
• Smriti Mandhana – Star batter of the Indian women’s cricket team, known for her elegant left-handed stroke play.
• Sudhanshu Mittal – Indian politician and businessman, associated with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
• Ayush Shetty – Rising Indian badminton player, part of the new generation making waves in international tournaments.
• Vandana Katariya – Legendary Indian women’s hockey forward, record-holder for most international caps and goals, retired in 2025.

Ibn Batuta wrote ‘Rihla’ in Arabic.

The SHANTI Bill, 2025 modernizes India’s nuclear energy framework by replacing outdated laws, enabling private and foreign participation, strengthening governance and safety mechanisms, and reforming liability provisions to support energy security and a clean energy transition.

Correct order: Project Tiger (1973), Project Elephant (1992), Project Lion (2020), Project Cheetah (2022).

The Atal Tunnel has been built in the Pir Panjal mountain range.

The right to property was made a legal right under Article 300A.

The wave of expansion of an artery is called Pulse.

Correct order: Atmiya Sabha (1815), Brahmo Samaj (1828), Brahmo Samaj of South India (1864), Sadharan Brahmo Samaj (1878).

The Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income in India was chaired by Dr. Ashok Dalwai, a senior IAS officer and then Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

While other Indus Valley sites like Mohenjodaro, Lothal, and Dholavira have yielded important discoveries, the direct evidence of a ploughed agricultural field is a distinguishing feature of Kalibangan.

Installed Renewable Capacities in India (as of Jan 2026)
Energy Source and Installed Capacity (GW)
Solar Power 140.6
Bioenergy (biomass + waste + biogas) 11.58
Small Hydro 5.16
Large Hydro 51.16

Under Article 120 of the Constitution of India, the Chairman of the Council of States or the Speaker of the House of the People may permit any member who cannot adequately express themselves in Hindi or English to address the House in their mother tongue.

The Golden Quadrilateral connects Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata.

The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was a colonial law introduced by Lord Lytton to suppress Indian-language newspapers and prevent criticism of British policies, fueling nationalist resistance and eventually leading to its repeal.

India revised its labour law framework in 2025, consolidating 29 existing laws into four unified Labour Codes that govern wages, social security, industrial relations, and occupational safety, significantly modernizing the country’s labour regulations.
• Code on Wages – ensures minimum wage and timely payment for all employees, establishes a national floor wage, revises the definition of wages for uniformity, addresses equal pay for men and women, and includes capped allowances
• Code on Social Security – expands coverage to gig, platform, contract, and unorganised sector workers, consolidating provisions for provident fund, gratuity, maternity benefits, and other social security schemes under a single framework
• Industrial Relations Code – streamlines trade union recognition, industrial dispute resolution, retrenchment, closure, and standing orders while raising thresholds for certain approvals to modernize HR and IR processes
• Occupational Safety, Health & Working Conditions (OSHWC) Code – consolidates multiple health and safety laws, mandates working condition improvements, annual medical check-ups for employees above 40, regulations for migrant and contract workers, and safety

Under the New Labour Codes in India, eligible women employees are entitled to 26 weeks of paid maternity leave for the first two children.

Reduced Earth Model

Part VI – The States (Articles 152–237): Governance of states, including the Governor, state legislatures, and higher state judiciary.

The Government of India first introduced the concept of classical languages in 2004. The languages are accorded classical status if they meet criteria like high antiquity (texts dating back 1,500–2,000 years), a rich body of literature, and distinct linguistic evolution from contemporary forms.

India currently recognizes 11 classical languages, Tamil being the first to be recognized. Assamese, Bengali, Marathi, Pali and Prakrit were recognized in 2024.Tamil was the first language accorded classical status in 2004.

Visit Chhattisgarh Industrial Policy

Tasmai is a dish similar to kheer in Chhattisgarh.

The lowest growth rate was in 2022-23.

Maharaja Ramanuj Saran Singh Deo was born in 1893, and he ascended the throne on 31st December 1917, shortly before the Oraon Rebellion of 1918

A total of 75 village panchayats in Surajpur district, Chhattisgarh, have been officially declared “Child Marriage-Free Panchayats” for having no reported cases of child marriage in the past two years.
This milestone was announced on 17 September 2025 during the launch of the “Healthy Women, Empowered Families” campaign and the beginning of National Nutrition Month.

All of the given statements about Kharun river are correct.

All of the given statements are correct regarding the Chief Minister Amrit Yojana.

The Pendra Plateau is sometimes referred to as the Pendra-Lormi Plateau. Key peaks in this plateau include Palma Peak (1,080 m) and Lafagarh (1,048 m), highlighting the region’s relatively higher elevation compared to the surrounding plains.

The Toda and Kota tribes are indigenous Dravidian communities primarily found in the Nilgiri Hills of southern India.

The Laxman (Lakshmana) Temple in Sirpur, dedicated to Lord Vishnu, was built in the 7th century CE, by Queen Vasata, mother of King Mahasivagupta Balarjuna.

The traditional group entertainment song of the Ghotul is called “Hullkipata,” which is performed along with dancing and drumming by the Muria and Gond youths as part of their cultural rituals and social activities.

The answer is Pencil and Slate.

Sakhi One Stop Centres provide temporary shelter for women affected by violence or distress, including their minor children, for a standard period of up to five days. This applies to women and their children (girls of all ages and boys up to 8 years old)

The Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) is a flagship Indian government scheme launched in 2015 to enhance irrigation coverage, improve water-use efficiency, and promote sustainable agriculture, aiming for ‘Har Khet Ko Pani’ (water to every field) and ‘More Crop Per Drop.’

Under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), small and marginal farmers receive a subsidy of 55% while other farmers receive 45% for the installation of sprinkler irrigation systems.

Colebrook

Chana, Tivra, Peas, Moong and Urad are Rabi Crops.

Correct answer is Pt. Shyam Lal Chaturvedi.

Correct option is (i), (ii) and (iii).

Burjudih

The term ‘Sarhul’ translates to the “worship of the Sal tree,” a sacred tree for tribal communities. The festival symbolizes the union of the Sun and Earth, representing life-giving forces and ecological balance crucial to Adivasi life. In this ceremony is perform, tribal members do not use the new flowers Or fruits of the season.

Correct option is Both 2 and 4.

Part IXA of the Indian Constitution was inserted by the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992. It deals with the provisions for municipalities, providing a constitutional framework for urban local governance in India.
Classified into three categories based on the population and type of urban area:
• Nagar Panchayat: For areas in transition from a rural to urban status
• Municipal Council (Nagar Palika): For smaller urban areas
• Municipal Corporation (Mahanagar Palika): For large urban areas

(c), (d), (a), (b)

Thakur Pyarelal Singh, a lawyer and freedom fighter led the workers’ strikes in Rajnandgaon (1919–20, 1924, 1937), including a landmark 37-day strike, addressing wage exploitation and long working hours. VV Giri visited Rajnandgaon during First Mill Labour Movement.

(a), (b), (d), (c)

Patia is worn on the head.

C is not included.

District-wise Mineral overview:
Raipur: Limestone, diamond, and quartz.
Balodabazar: Limestone, dolomite, and traces of gold.
Gariaband: Garnet, diamond, and alexandrite.
Durg: Limestone, molding sand, and quartzite.
Kabirdham (Kawardha): Bauxite, limestone, and iron ore.
Rajnandgaon: Limestone, iron ore, fluorite, and quartz.
Korba: Coal and mic(A)
Surguja: Coal and bauxite.
Dantewada: Iron ore and tin ore.
Bijapur: Corundum and bauxite.
Sukma: Quartz, limestone, and tin.
Jashpur: Gold and bauxite.

Kothali waterfall is situated near Dipadih in Balrampur on the Kanhar River, a tributary of the Son River.

Correct answer is Chouk

In Oraon belief, Dharmesh is regarded as the Supreme Being, the creator and sustainer of the universe. He is believed to manifest especially in Sal trees, which hold sacred significance in their culture..

Correct answer is By the Collector of the District.

Correct answer is Oriental Hotel.

This theme is specifically associated with the Bharat Rang Mahotsav (BRM) 2025, which is organized by the National School of Drama (NSD) in India. The festival, often called ‘Bharangam’, is the world’s largest theatre festival and marks a gathering of artists from across India and other nations.

Visit Electricity Generation in Chhattisgarh (छत्तीसगढ़ मे विद्युत उत्पादन)

Article 40, part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV), states: “The State shall take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government”

The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyaan (PM-KUSUM) is a national initiative launched in March 2019 and scaled up in January 2024. It aims to provide energy and water security for farmers, increase income, reduce reliance on diesel, and promote solar power adoption in agriculture. The scheme is set to add 34,800 MW of solar capacity by March 2026.

Scheme Components: PM-KUSUM has three components

Component-A: Installation of 10,000 MW of decentralized grid-connected solar/re renewable energy power plants. Eligible entities include individual farmers, farmer groups, cooperatives, panchayats, FPOs, and Water User Associations. Farmers can also lease land to developers or DISCOMs if they cannot arrange equity. Discoms buy generated power at a feed-in-tariff and receive a Procurement-Based Incentive (PBI) of Rs. 0.40 per unit or Rs. 6.6 lakh per MW for five years starting from the Commercial Operation Date.
Component-B: Support for 14 lakh standalone off-grid solar agriculture pumps, especially in areas where grid supply is unavailable. Financial assistance is structured as:
• Central Financial Assistance (CFA) of 30% of benchmark cost (50% in northeastern, Himalayan, and island states).
• State subsidy: At least 30%.
• Farmer’s contribution: Remaining amount (up to 40% in most states; 20% in special regions), possibly via bank loans.
Component-C: Solarisation of 35 lakh grid-connected agriculture pumps, split into:
• Individual Pump Solarisation (IPS): PV capacity up to twice the existing pump’s capacity. Farmers use solar power for irrigation, selling excess to DISCOMs. Financial assistance structured similarly to Component-B.
• Feeder Level Solarisation (FLS): Solarising entire agricultural feeders, implemented via CAPEX or RESCO mode for 25 years. CFA of 30% of installation cost (50% in special regions), ensuring daytime irrigation power for farmers.In which Princely State

Correct answer is Raigarh.

Correct option is All of the above.

Correct option is Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question might have missed NOT correct as no option is correct.

Correct answer is Rs. 3,500 Crores and Rs. 1,850 Crores.

Baiga’s traditional houses include Khaddar Ghar (mud houses), Ban Khaddar (raised or elevated houses), and Bhithi Ghar or Ladi (houses with distinctive side walls or compound structures), each reflecting local materials and functional needs.

Correct option is 1, 2, 4.

All statements are incorrect.
• Mean Annual Rainfall: The mean annual rainfall of Chhattisgarh is 1167 ± 147 mm, with the winter, summer, southwest, and post-monsoon periods contributing 20, 30, 1050, and 67 mm, respectively.
• District Variability: The district Surajpur in Northern Hills Agro-Climatic Zone receives the highest annual rainfall (1411 mm), while Kabirdham district in the Chhattisgarh Plain ACZ records the lowest annual rainfall (885 mm).
• Monsoon Season Variability: The southwest monsoon season contributes significantly to the state’s rainfall, with districts like Kabirdham, Durg, Bemetara, Mungeli, and Rajnandgaon experiencing low rainfall with high inter-annual variability.

During Maratha rule, there was no proper taxation system.

Panhi Torna means to break shoes implying to work very hard.

Both Assertion and Reason are true factually.

The temple dedicated to Lord Shiva has 20 doors and hence the name ‘Bees Dariya

(b), (a), (d), (c)