Yield is measured as:

Till the mid-1960s, the seeds used in cultivation were traditional ones with relatively low yields. In context of this, consider the following statements.
1. Traditional seeds needed more irrigation
2. HYV seeds needed less water and also chemical fertilizers than traditional seeds
3. Farmers used cow-dung and other natural manure as fertilizers for traditional seeds
4. Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant

Which of these statements are correct?

Assertion: Sometime after the use of chemical fertilizers, the soil will be more fertile than ever before.
Reason: Chemical fertilizers can kill the bacteria.
Select the correct code:

Consider the following statements.
1. Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs for pay or profit
2. Non-market activities are the production for self-consumption.
3. Market activities include production of goods or services, including government service
4. Non-market activities include consumption and processing of primary product and own account production of fixed assets
Which of these statements are correct?

Which of the following sectors are categorised as Tertiary sector?
1. Fishing
2. Mining and quarrying
3. Tourism
4. Manufacturing
5. Transport
Choose from the following options.

Consider the following statements.
1. Sarva Siksha Abhiyan has been implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status.
2. Mid-day meal scheme is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6–14 years.
Which of these statements are correct?

Consider the following statements.
1. Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year.
2. People dependent upon agriculture usually face seasonal unemployment.
3. In case of disguised unemployment people appear to be employed.
4. Rural areas have mostly educated unemployment.
Which of these statements are not correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the unemployment.
1. Unemployment tends to increase economic overload.
2. Increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy
3. In case of India, a large number of people represented with low income and productivity are counted as unemployed

Assertion: In recent years, there has been a decline in the dependence of population on agriculture partly.
Reason: Agriculture faces disguised unemployment.
Select the correct code:

Consider the following statements regarding the consequences of disguised unemployment in agriculture.
1. The concept of sharing of work in the field and the produce raised reduces the hardship of unemployment in the rural sector.
2. This does not reduce the poverty of the family, gradually surplus labour from every household tends to migrate from the village in search of jobs.
Which of these statements are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the concept of social exclusion.
1. Poverty must be seen in terms of the poor having to live only in a poor surrounding with other poor people.
2. It is a process through which individuals or groups are excluded from facilities, benefits and opportunities that others enjoy.
3. Untouchability is the example of this concept.
Which of these statements are correct?

The concept of the economic territory is different
from the geographical territory of a country. In this
regard, which of the following can be included within
the Economic Territory of India?
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6. Foreign Institutional Investment
Choose the correct answer using the code given below:
1. Political frontiers of the country including its territorial waters
2. Offices of international organizations located in India
3. Fishing vessels operated by the residents of the country in the international waters
4. Military establishments of other countries located in India
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following form a crucial part of the Capital Receipts in a Government Budget?
1. Loans taken by the government from the public
2. Interest receipts on account of loans by the central government
3. Borrowings from the RBI
4. PSU disinvestments
5. Cash grants-in-aid from foreign countries
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Consider the following statements with reference to the Primary Deficit:
1. Primary deficit indicates the borrowing requirement inclusive of interest payment.
2. An increase in primary deficit is reflective of government’s efforts at bridging the fiscal gap during a financial year.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following form part of Capital Account?
1. External commercial borrowings
2. Shipping
3. Banking
4. Offshore funds
5. Foreign Direct Investment
6. Foreign Institutional Investment
Choose the correct answer using the code given below:

In the Indian context, which of the following can be considered as an immediate effect owing to an increase in Foreign Exchange Rate?

While making decisions in an economy, which of the following qualify to be Economic Agents?
1. Government
2. Banks
3. Consumers
4. Corporations
5. Producers
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Consider a situation where a country has produced 100 motor bikes at the cost of Rs 1,000/motor bike in the year 2005, as a result the GDP of a country at current price becomes Rs 1,00,000. In the year 2010 the same country has produced 100 motor bikes at the cost of 2,000/motor bike so as to raise its GDP to Rs 2,00,000. What can you infer from this situation?

Consider the following statements with reference to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and GDP deflator:

1. CPI covers the entire range of good and services in the economy whereas GDP deflator includes basket of certain goods and services.
2. CPI includes prices of imported goods whereas the GDP deflator does not include prices of imported goods.
3. Weights are constant in GDP deflator, but they differ according to production level of each good in CPI.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements best describes the National Income (NI)?

Which of the following equations correctly describes the GVA at market prices?

Which of the following is/are not taken into account while calculating the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country?
1. Income generated by foreign companies inside the country
2. Income generated by the Indian citizens outside the country
3. Income generated by the foreign citizens inside the country
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which of the following can be considered as part of money supply in the economy?
1. Demand deposits of Savings account
2. Current account deposits
3. Coins
4. Currency notes

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

With reference to the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), consider the following statements:
1. RRBs are legally backed by the legislation of Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976.
2. The area of operation of RRBs is limited to only rural areas.
3. RRBs are regulated by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements best describes the Base Rate?

In the context of Indian Economy, the term ‘Open Market Operations’ which is often mentioned in the media is associated with which of the following?

Which of the following qualitative tools adopted by the RBI to persuade the commercial banks to advance loans in the economic interest of the country?

With reference to the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF), consider the following statements:
1. It is a window for all commercial banks to borrow overnight from the RBI in an emergency situation.
2. Under MSF, banks can borrow funds up to one per cent of their net demand and time liabilities.
3. Under the MSF facility, banks are allowed to use the securities that come under the Statutory Liquidity Ratio.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following sectors are covered under the Priority Sector Lending (PSL) programme of the Reserve Bank of India?
1. Export credit
2. MSMEs
3. Housing
4. Social infrastructure
5. Renewable energy
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which of the following is widely regarded as the ‘Lender of the Last Resort’?

With reference to the Co-operative Banks, consider the following statements:

1. Co-operative banks are owned and controlled by the members who democratically elect a board of directors to govern these banks.
2. Co-operative banks do not fall under the direct supervision of the Reserve Bank of India.
3. They are registered under the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the Interest Rate and Money held by the public?

Which of the following are quantitative tools used by the Reserve Bank of India in order to control the money supply in the market?
1. Open Market Operations
2. Cash Reserve Ratio
3. Margin Requirement
4. Moral Suasion
5. Bank Rate
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which of the following can be considered as the likely effect if the RBI buys a government bond in the open market?

In the context of Indian Economy, which of the following measures can be adopted by controlling the inflation?
1. Reducing the Cash Reserve Ratio
2. Import of goods which have scare supply
3. Cuts in the excise and custom duties
Choose the correct answer using the code given below:

With reference to the GDP deflator, consider the following statements:
1. It represents the ratio of GDP at current prices to GDP at constant prices and is published on a monthly basis.
2. GDP deflator covers only a fixed basket of goods and services.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following can be the probable impact if the Reserve Bank of India decides to cut down the repo rate?
1. A decline in the money supply in the economy
2. No significant changes in the lending rates
3. Beneficial for borrowers as EMIs will decrease
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of ‘Transfer Pricing’?

Which of the following components are included in the Balance of Payment record of a country?
1. Foreign Direct Investment
2. Trade in goods and services
3. Transfer Payments
4. NRI Deposits
5. External Commercial Borrowings

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

With reference to the White Label ATMs, consider the following statements:
1. These ATMs are owned by a bank but the ATM operation is generally outsourced to a third party.
2. White Label ATMs have the branding of sponsor bank.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

During colonial period, which of the following is/are mainly exported from India?
1. Sugar
2. Woollen clothes
3. Cotton
4. Indigo
5. Light machinery
Choose the correct answer using the code given below.

With reference to first phase of green revolution, consider the following statement.
1. The use of HYV seeds was restricted to the more affluent states such as Punjab, Bengal and Karnataka.
2. The use of HYV seeds primarily benefited the wheat growing regions only.

Choose the correct statement using the code given below.

Which of the following are correctly matched?
1. Chronic poor – Regularly move in and out of poverty line
2. Churning poor – Always below poverty line
3. Transient poor – Mostly above poverty line
Choose the correct answer using the code given below.

Which of the following statement is incorrect about Poverty?
1. Relative poverty is a state of being in which a person can mobilize enough resources to arrange for minimum means of the of subsistence.
2. Absolute poverty is a state in which a person is not in a position to enjoy these comforts of life which are normally enjoyed by large number of persons in a society.
Choose the correct answer using the code given below.

Consider the following statement about Human Development Index (HDI).

1. HDI is a statistical tool used to measure a country’s overall achievement in its social dimension only.
2. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub-ul Haq.
3. Every year United National Development Program ranked countries based on the HDI report released in their annual report.
4. The ranking of countries is based on three indicators.

Choose the correct statement using the code given below.

Consider the following statement with reference to horticulture.

1. Horticulture sector contributes nearly one-third of the value of agriculture output.

2. Only 5 per cent of Gross Domestic Product of India.

3. India is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables.

Choose the incorrect statement using the code given below.

Consider the following statements about organic farming.

1. India ranks first in number of organic farmers.
2. Organic produce have more blemishes and a shorter shelf life than sprayed produce.
3. Organically grown food has more nutritional value than chemical farming.
4. The yields from organic farming are higher than modern agricultural farming.

Choose the correct statement using the code given below.

Which of the following are not correctly matched?

1. Frictional unemployment – Rises during recessions and declines with economic growth.
2. Structural unemployment – Arising from the mismatch between the jobs available in the market and the skills of the available workers in the market.
3. Seasonal Unemployment – Occurs during certain seasons of the year

Choose the correct answer using the code given below.

Which of the following services rendered under micro-finance?
1. Credit facilities
2. Savings facilities
3. Insurance facilities
4. Fund Transfer facilities
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below.

Which of the following statements is/are not regarding oligopolistic Industry?

Which of the following statements regarding monopolistic competitors and monopolists is incorrect?

When would the industry have a long-run supply curve that slopes downwards?

Suppose that, because of inflation, people economize on currency and go to the bank each day to withdraw their daily currency needs. This is an example of:

Other things equal, if a good has more substitutes, its price elasticity of demand is:

Which of the following can be grouped under the Economic Activities?
1. Tutor teaching a student free of cost.
2. Government providing scholarship.
3. Philanthropists giving out charity to NGOs.

In the case of an inferior good, the income elasticity of demand is:

Total costs in the short-term are classified into fixed costs and variable costs. Which one of the following is a variable cost?

What is the shape of the short-run demand curve faced by a firm under perfect competition?

If a production function exhibits increasing returns to scale, it means:

Which of the following is/are correct regarding wealthy countries?
1. Capital becomes more productive due to the catch-up effect.
2. It may be harder for it to grow quickly because of diminishing returns to capital.

The costs of factors of production that have already occurred but are not necessarily reported as a separate expense are known as:

Which of the following can be described as ‘Factors of Production’?
1. Land
2. Tools & machines
3. Skilled professionals

Which of the following are the ingredients for a self-sustaining virtuous cycle in an economy?
1. Presenting data as a public good
2. Emphasizing legal reforms
3. Ensuring policy consistency

What is a ‘free market’?

Which of the following are major indicators of the state of an economy?
1. Rate of GDP growth
2. Rate of inflation
3. Change in Net demand and time liabilities

With reference to the challenges of an economy, consider the following statements:
1. Variation in the needs of the people.
2. Lack of proper production capacity and distribution network.

Regarding the role of a state economy, consider the following statements:
1. As a regulator, the state regulates only production but not distribution.
2. The state plays the role of producer of both public and private goods.

Which of the following describes an increase in technological knowledge?

An example of a real variable is:

Consider the following pairs:
1. Capitalist Economy – Goods distributed on basis of need.
2. Socialist Economy – Government decides production and distribution.
3. Mixed Economy – Goods produced by both public and private entities.
Which of the above pairs is/are incorrectly matched?

Suppose that, because of inflation, a business in Delhi must calculate, print, and mail a new price list to its customers each month. This is an example of:

When demand is perfectly inelastic, an increase in price will result in:

Which of the following statements regarding the impact of population growth on productivity is true?

A Giffen good is a:

With reference to the Lorenz Curve, consider the following statements:
1. It represents inequality of income distribution.
2. It cannot rise above the Line of Perfect Equality.

Consider the following statements:
1. GDP Per capita is used to measure the productivity of a country’s workforce.
2. Disposable income is calculated by adding subsidies and deducting taxes from personal income.
3. Gross Value Added (GVA) includes the gross value of output produced by the firm excluding intermediate goods.

Which of the following economic problems explain the concept of poverty?
1. Low capital formation
2. Lack of infrastructure
3. Lack of demand
4. Pressure of population
5. Lack of social/welfare nets

A rise in per capita income does not automatically imply an increase in economic welfare because:
1. Distribution of income is not known
2. Rate of economic growth is not known
3. Per capita income suffers from limitation of averages

How is the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) different from the Consumer Price Index (CPI)?
1. WPI focuses on prices of goods traded between corporations.
2. WPI includes services like transport, health, education, etc which CPI does not include.

Which of the following statements about the Product Approach of National Income Accounting is/are correct?
1. National Income is calculated by adding value of final goods from all sectors.
2. This approach is also called output method or inventory method.

Which of the following is responsible for bringing out reports on National Income and Per Capita Income in India?

Gross National Product (GNP) = Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – Net Factor Income from Abroad (NFIA). Which are components of NFIA?
1. Net compensation of employees
2. Net income from property and entrepreneurship

Select the correct statement:
(a) National Income (NI) = Net National Product (NNP) at Market Prices.
(b) Market Cost = Factor Cost + Net Indirect Taxes.
(c) GDP does not include Government Expenditure.
(d) GDP = GVA at basic prices including subsidies but excluding taxes.

With reference to Personal Disposable Income (PDI), consider the following statements:
1. It includes all the tax payments made by the consumer.
2. It shows the maximum amount of goods and services the household has at its disposal.

Which of the following indices is/are released by the Central Statistical Organization?
1. Consumer Price Index (CPI)
2. Wholesale Price Index (WPI)
3. Index of Industrial Production (IIP)

How is Real GDP different from Nominal GDP?
1. Real GDP is adjusted for inflation.
2. Nominal GDP is usually higher than Real GDP.

In the context of Net Domestic Product (NDP), which statement is correct?

Select the correct statement regarding the role of taxes in National Income Accounting:

Consider the following statements regarding Net National Product (NNP) at Market Price:
1. It includes depreciation.
2. It measures output produced by citizens domestically and abroad.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)?
1. It compares currencies through a basket of goods.
2. China is the world’s largest economy based on PPP.

Which of the following statements about GDP Deflator is incorrect?
1. It represents ratio of GDP at current prices to GDP at constant prices.
2. It covers only fixed basket of goods and services.

There is a price rise of one or a small group of commodities over a sustained period. This situation is known as:

Price rise in items like salt, onion, wheat can be controlled by:
1. Importing items in short supply.
2. Technological innovation to increase production.

Consider the following statements:
1. The bonus brought by inflation to lending institutions is known as the inflation premium.
2. Rising inflation premium shows increasing profits of lending institutions.

‘Inflation Tax’ often used in economic parlance refers to:
1. It is a legal tax paid to a government.
2. It is the degree of decrease in the value of cash held by people.

Which of the following are implications of a deflationary effect on an economy?
1. Unemployment rises and wages decline.
2. Demand for goods increases.
3. Drop in lending of banks.

Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
1. Creeping Inflation – A kind of mild inflation that boosts demand.
2. Trotting Inflation – Moderate inflation with prices rising steadily.

Which of the following situations is described as Stagflation?

Which of the following is the best measure of inflation in India?

Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) have been created with the view of serving primarily the rural areas of India. Consider the following statements:
1. RRBs have legislative backing of the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976.
2. RRBs are sponsored by Public Sector Banks.

An Escrow account is:

With reference to SWIFT norms, consider the following statements:
1. It provides services for financial crime compliance like KYC.
2. It is a secure financial message carrier through standardized codes.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

Before enactment of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, the recovery mechanisms available to lenders were:

Consider the following statements about Payment Banks:
1. They are examples of universal banks.
2. They cannot undertake lending activities.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding White Label ATMs?

Consider the following objectives of bank nationalization:
1. Break nexus between banks and big businesses.
2. Ensure balanced flow of credit.
3. Provide stability by preventing failures and speculation.

Consider the following statements regarding the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC):
1. It is a statutory body.
2. All members are from RBI.

The RBI controls money supply using quantitative and qualitative tools. Consider the following:
1. Quantitative tools control extent of money supply.
2. Qualitative tools encourage or discourage lending by banks.

Recently SBI, ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank were named Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs). Who classifies banks as D-SIBs?

Consider the following statements regarding Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR):
1. Commercial banks must keep a certain amount under SLR with RBI.
2. Cash, gold owned by banks, and investment in government securities are SLR components.

Which committee recommended setting up of Small Finance Banks?

Consider the following statements regarding Indian Currency System:
1. Currency notes and coins are legal tenders.
2. Demand deposits are not legal tenders.

Consider the following statements about Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR):
1. Reduction in CRR may lead to inflation.
2. RBI pays interest on CRR balances.
3. Hike in CRR may increase lending rates of banks.

Consider the following statements about Co-operative banks:
1. They are not regulated by RBI.
2. All banks registered under Co-operative Societies Act, 1912 are considered co-operative banks.

Consider the following statements about Call Money Rate:
1. It is the rate for borrowing and lending short-term funds in the money market.
2. Tight liquidity leads to a fall in call money rate.
3. It has a maturity period of 1 day only.

Consider the following statements regarding Basel Accords:
1. The first Basel Accord focused on calculation of risk-weighted assets.
2. The 2017 reforms to Basel III focus on capital adequacy of financial institutions.

M1 is the sum of:

In this type of operation, the central bank buys securities with agreement to resell at a specified date and price. This is:

Consider the following statements about Scheduled Banks in India:
1. Any bank listed in the 2nd schedule of RBI Act, 1934 is a scheduled bank.
2. To qualify, paid-up capital and collected funds must not be less than Rs 5 lakh.

Consider the following statements regarding the MUDRA Bank:
1. It lends directly to small and micro-enterprises.
2. It is a refinancing agency.

Banks Board Bureau (BBB) is an autonomous body of the Government of India. Consider the following statements:
1. It was set up under the Indradhanush program to reform public sector banks.
2. It recommends the selection of chiefs of government-owned banks and helps in strategies and capital raising.

Consider the following statements about the Reserve Bank of India:
1. It manages Foreign Exchange under FEMA, 1999.
2. It only issues and exchanges currency and coins, with no power to destroy them.

Which of the following is a function of NABARD?

Which of the following is the primary objective of Priority Sector Lending (PSL)?

Consider the following statements regarding the Insurance Sector in India:
1. Performance is assessed on insurance penetration and insurance density.
2. Insurance density is measured as the percentage of insurance premium to GDP.

Consider the following statements regarding functions of the Financial Market:
1. Mobilization of savings
2. Facilitating price discovery for financial assets
3. Providing liquidity to financial assets

Consider the following statements about IRDA:
1. It is an apex statutory body regulating and developing insurance industry in India.
2. It adjudicates disputes between insurers and intermediaries.

Consider the following statements regarding floatation of new issues in the Primary market:
1. Private Placement involves intermediaries like issuing houses or brokers.
2. Offer through Prospectus is a direct appeal to investors via advertisements.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

Consider the following statements about Development Financial Institutions (DFIs):
1. DFIs provide long-term finance to riskier sectors.
2. Growth in capital market has reduced DFI prominence in India.

Consider the following statements regarding Primary market:
1. A company can raise capital through loans and deposits.
2. It is a market for purchase and sale of existing old securities.

Consider the following statements regarding Capital market:
1. Both debt and equity funds are raised and invested.
2. Participants include development banks, commercial banks, and stock exchanges.

What are gilt-edged securities?

Consider the following pairs of Committees and recommendations:
1. ARCs for NPAs – N. Narasimham Committee
2. Financial Inclusion Technology Fund – C. Rangarajan Committee
3. NBFC risk measures – Usha Thorat Committee

Consider the following statements regarding the Money Market:
1. It is a market for short-term funds with maturity up to 90 days.
2. RBI and commercial banks are major participants.

Which of the following is not an instrument of the Money Market?

Which of the following statements do(es) not correctly differentiate between Money Market and Capital Market?

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Bear Market?
1. It leads to a fall in investment value.
2. Investors rush to buy stocks instead of selling.

Which of the following statements is correct related to Collateral Securities?

Consider the following statements related to Government Securities:
1. Treasury Bills are issued at a discount to face value.
2. Government Securities can be sold by banks in the primary market to meet cash requirements.

Which of the following statements best explains features of Green Bonds?
1. Green Bonds are credit instruments.
2. Guidelines in India are issued by RBI.

Consider the following statements:
1. Scrip Share is given to employees without charge.
2. Sweat Share is given to existing shareholders without charge.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

Which of the following are features of Venture Capital investments?
1. Investments are made in innovative projects.
2. Suppliers of venture capital participate in management of the company.

Consider the following statements regarding Market Stabilisation Bonds in India:
1. These are bonds floated by Central Government to absorb excess liquidity.
2. These bonds are raised through auction and tradable in secondary market.

What is the difference between primary and secondary markets?
1. Primary markets help in capital formation, while secondary markets provide liquidity.
2. When a company sells new stocks and bonds publicly for the first time, it does so in the primary market.

Consider the following statements about National Securities Clearing Corporation Limited (NSCCL):
1. It is the first clearing corporation established in India.
2. One of its objectives is to provide counter-party risk guarantee.

Which of the following are functions of SEBI?
1. Levying fees and charges on investors and traders.
2. Registering and regulating mutual funds.
3. Inspection and audit of stock exchanges and intermediaries.

Consider the following statements about Mutual Funds:
1. A close-ended fund is available on an ongoing basis, investors can buy/sell at NAV price.
2. An open-ended fund issues units only once, at launch (NFO).

A formula devised for pricing of financial derivatives or options is called:

Which of the following is a key objective of the Securities Transaction Tax (STT) in India?